Hartford Ephedra Attorney

Edmond David Cronon wrote the first book about the life and activities of Marcus Garvey. The book is informative, interesting, organized, and well-researched. However, because the author uses a traditional historical approach, he ineffectively interprets Garvey's program. The predominant themes that emerge from Cronon’s method of examination are the focus of this review, which include: Garvey's philosophy and world perspective; Garvey's mass appeal; his effect on African Americans; and the idea that the combination of African American leaders and Garvey's social practices caused Garveyism to fail.

Early Years

Marcus Garvey was born in Jamaica on August 17, 1887. His childhood and adolescence were normal, and he had a close relationship with his parents. As Garvey matured, the early social influences that shaped his ethnic pride and societal awareness became apparent. Cronon explains that as a young adult Garvey developed a contemptuous attitude toward the middle class, light-skinned blacks in Jamaica because they supported the minority, white ruling group. Garvey brought this skin-perception attitude to America, which could have hindered his ability to assess African American leadership accurately. Unlike Jamaica, light-skinned blacks in America did not function as a pro-establishment social class.

UNIA/Booker T. Washington

Cronon explains that after Garvey traveled and observed the conditions of black people around the world, he started the Universal Negro Improvement Association in Jamaica, but ran into stiff opposition. Garvey could not procure subsidies because the middle-class blacks stifled his efforts. As resistance to his program increased, Garvey looked to other places for economic support.

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